The idea of dieting - as opposed to having a diet - is fairly new to human history, not really gaining traction within a mass audience until after World War II. Since then the diet industry has surged (to a $64 billion business in 2014), with this fad and that promising better health and less weight. Recently though the growth trend has begun to reverse as more and more people realize that actual nutritionists have been right all along: a varied, balanced diet is best.
Here is a rundown of 60 years of diets.
1950: The Cabbage Soup Diet
"Lose 10 - 20 pounds in one week!"
Well ok, but you do it by basically eating water for 7 days.
Besides being unhealthy, you can't remain on this "diet" for
very long.
1965: Weight Watchers
"Follow our point system to maintain balanced, healthy
eating habits long term."
Combined with AA-style support groups and a simple to
follow system rather than a list of permitted and forbidden
foods, this is one of the few really sensible diet programs to
come along.
1990: Diet Shakes
"Simply replace one meal a day with one of our tasty, easy
to use shakes, and watch the pounds melt off."
Slim Fast Foods built a following of 23 million people on this
promise (and $100 million in advertising). There is little
evidence that it works long term.
1995: Low Fat Diets
"Cut out the fat to lose weight and protect your heart!"
Manufacturers rolled out some 1,300 new fat free and low
fat foods in response to the government's recommendation
to adopt a low fat diet. They pretty much all crashed and
burned because the products were packed with sugar.
2000: The Blood Type Diet
"Customize your diet to your own unique blood type
and metabolism!"
This really was a thing. Sadly there is ample evidence
showing no variation in nutritional requirement by
blood type.
2003: The Atkins Diet
"Ultra-low carbs not only solve blood sugar problems
but improve your health and energy across the board!"
It also gave people headaches and fatigue and proved
too difficult for most people to stick with.
2004: The South Beach Diet
"The realistic Atkins Diet: low carbs and reduced fat."
This quickly became the best selling diet book of all time
and is one of the better approaches and still popular today.
2015: Gluten Free
"Eliminate this wheat protein from your diet an enjoy
almost unlimited benefits."
Perhaps 3% of the US population needs to be on a gluten
free or reduced gluten diet. The rest apparently just likes
to eat whatever is popular in Hollywood.
2016: The Paleo Diet
"If it worked for cave people it will work for us!"
Experts warn that the diet, which attempts to recreate the
meat heavy, grain and dairy free diet of our paleolithic
ancestors is dangerously misguided. The meats available
to our ancestors is not available to us but were "biologically
distinct". Also, the food groups eliminated have significant
nutritional benefits.
2017: The Ketogenic Diet
"Burn fat instead of carbs!"
Originally developed as a treatment for pediatric epilepsy,
this diet forces your body into a potentially dangerous state
of ketosis. Ketosis occurs when people eat a low- or no-carb
diet and molecules called ketones build up in their
bloodstream. It can indeed help you shed a few pounds, but
Ketosis is actually a mild form of
ketoacidosis.
Ketoacidosis
mostly affects people with type 1 diabetes. In fact, it is
the
leading cause of death of people with diabetes who are
under 24
years of age.
Since 2018, eating plans promoting balance and variety began making headway. The
DASH,
Mediterranean and
Flexitarian diets were ranked #1, #2 and #3 on the US News and World Report diet plan listing. Atkins, Paleo and Ketogenic were the worst three diets evaluated.